歐盟水產(chǎn)科研領(lǐng)先地位正在被中國(guó)取代

 

　　
　　譯/中國(guó)水產(chǎn)頻道特邀作者 胡路怡 校對(duì)/美國(guó)動(dòng)物蛋白及油脂提煉協(xié)會(huì) 李鵬　　
　　By SeafoodSource staff
　　
　　16 January, 2013 - Europe is gradually losing its position as the world’s leading center of aquaculture research to Asia, particularly China, according to Jean Dhont, secretary of the ASEM Aquaculture Platform, an EU funded research program promoting EU-Asia cooperation in aquaculture. Europe badly needs to build research relationships in Asia to secure its relevance as well as future seafood stocks from Asia, says Dhont.
　　
　　2013年1月16日-據(jù)ASEM水產(chǎn)平臺(tái)（歐盟捐資建設(shè)的亞歐水產(chǎn)合作組織）的一位秘書Jean Dhont介紹，由于亞洲，特別是中國(guó)水產(chǎn)研究的興起，歐洲水產(chǎn)的研究將逐漸喪失原有的領(lǐng)先地位。為加強(qiáng)亞歐水產(chǎn)業(yè)的聯(lián)系和保證未來(lái)亞洲的水產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)源，歐洲迫切需要同亞洲建立研究合作。
　　
　　“We need to build partnerships now because in the future Asia will take over the lead in technology and innovation and won’t need us,” says Dhont, a researcher based at the Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center at Belgium’s Ghent University.
　　
　　比利時(shí)根特大學(xué)的水產(chǎn)研究員Dhont表示，“我們現(xiàn)在就迫切需要同亞洲建立合作伙伴關(guān)系，因?yàn)樵诓痪偷膶��?lái)，如果亞洲將接管世界最先進(jìn)的創(chuàng)新技術(shù)，他們將不再需要我們了。”
　　
　　Dhont says China has leaped ahead of Europe in the area of polyculture: simultaneously cultivating multiple species of fish, seaweed and shellfish in giant tracts of coast. “Previously it was tradition, but now they’re approaching these in a more scientific way, for instance documenting the positive environmental effects of the polyculture approach … Imagine what the situation would be with coastal eutrophication if they would not be farming and harvesting millions of tons of seaweed on an annual basis from these coastal lagoons.”
　　
　　Dhont 表示中國(guó)在混養(yǎng)技術(shù)方面已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了歐洲，中國(guó)沿海可以同時(shí)進(jìn)行多種魚類、海帶和貝類的混合養(yǎng)殖。“之前，這種養(yǎng)殖方式僅僅只是傳統(tǒng)，但現(xiàn)在他們用更加科學(xué)的方法進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。例如：記錄一些混養(yǎng)模式帶來(lái)的良好環(huán)境效應(yīng)；推斷評(píng)估海帶養(yǎng)殖緩解沿海瀉湖水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的作用。”
　　
　　China is keen to develop coastal polyculture as a "strategic alternative to its stagnating fisheries landings," says Dhont. “Although the West remains focused on monoculture, at least for the time being, there’s particular interest in this more holistic and sustainable approach in using the seas for food and energy production.” Western aquaculture researchers are also keen to study the socio economic aspects of this “to understand who owns what in such large exploitations and who pays for what.”
　　
　　“中國(guó)積極發(fā)展沿�；旌橡B(yǎng)殖以取代停滯的捕撈漁業(yè)。”Dhont表示，“盡管西方國(guó)家依然專注于單一品種的養(yǎng)殖，但至少目前看來(lái)，他們對(duì)這種綜合利用海洋來(lái)生產(chǎn)食物和能源的可持續(xù)方式抱有極大興趣。”西方水產(chǎn)業(yè)的學(xué)者們同時(shí)進(jìn)行著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的研究，去嘗試著理解面對(duì)如此大規(guī)模的開發(fā)的投資方和獲益方.
　　
　　Dhont believes changing trends in demand offer opportunities for win-win partnerships, and connections with Asia could be vital for Europe. “European producers are often frustrated that they find it hard to get access to the Asian market while cheap Asian product is flooding the European market, allegedly because Asian producers are not burdened by the higher quality and socio economic standards of production Europeans need to cope with … Yet demand in Asia is changing as domestic demand for aquatic products rises … and ultimately we will be seeking production which won’t be adequate to supply our [EU] demand. Hence it’s vital that we establish partnerships in Asia now, so we can jointly tackle the huge challenges and share opportunities for business activities.”
　　
　　Dhont相信趨勢(shì)的變換將為亞-歐水產(chǎn)合作提供雙贏的機(jī)會(huì), 而與亞洲的聯(lián)系對(duì)于歐洲也至關(guān)重要。歐洲的生產(chǎn)者常常為本地水產(chǎn)品難以打入亞洲市場(chǎng)而苦惱，而亞洲的水產(chǎn)品卻能廉價(jià)地進(jìn)入歐洲。因?yàn)閬喼薜乃�產(chǎn)業(yè)往往不需要如歐洲水產(chǎn)業(yè)那般承擔(dān)繁瑣的品質(zhì)及社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。由于亞洲本地的水產(chǎn)品需求量也在不斷上漲，最終歐洲將難以尋找到更多了供應(yīng)源。因此，歐亞水產(chǎn)現(xiàn)在就急需要建立合作，以共同應(yīng)對(duì)將來(lái)的嚴(yán)肅的挑戰(zhàn)，分享商業(yè)機(jī)遇。
　　
　　Funded by the EU and Flanders state government in Belgium, the ASEM Aquaculture Platform has been keen to foster partnerships by inviting Chinese academics to participate at European conferences while also bringing EU entrepreneurs and policy makers to China and Vietnam on field trips.
　　
　　由歐盟和比利時(shí)法蘭德斯州政府贊助的ASEM水產(chǎn)平臺(tái)熱衷于提供亞歐水產(chǎn)合作服務(wù)。ASEM將邀請(qǐng)中國(guó)的水產(chǎn)界學(xué)者參與歐洲會(huì)議，同時(shí)帶領(lǐng)歐洲的企業(yè)和政府官員前往中國(guó)和越南進(jìn)行實(shí)地考察。
　　
　　While China is moving ahead in key areas of research it remains keen to learn from Western counterparts. Dhont says Chinese aquaculture and fishery academies are particularly keen to send research students and staff to western universities where scientific methodology and discipline is more established. Even though China has made huge leaps to catch up with Western research efforts, its research institutions remain of hugely varying standards and poorly connected, says Dhont. This is due to the absence of any tradition of collaboration. For instance, the Chinese Aquaculture and Fisheries Network (CAFNET) is “strongly committed to seeking internal cooperation but concrete actions are slow to come about.” Likewise, in Vietnam, Dhont and his colleagues spent five years assisting the Vietnamese Network for Fisheries and Aquaculture Institutes (VIFINET) to set up before it was formally endorsed by the Vietnamese government.
　　
　　雖然中國(guó)水產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，但依然需要向西方學(xué)習(xí)。Dhont表示，西方大學(xué)的研究方法和學(xué)科發(fā)展相對(duì)成熟，推動(dòng)中國(guó)水產(chǎn)學(xué)術(shù)研究的良好方式是將中國(guó)的學(xué)生和學(xué)者派遣前往西方的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)和進(jìn)修。盡管中國(guó)在趕超西方的科研投入方面已經(jīng)有了巨大的飛躍，但是中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)尚未形成一套合理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，科研院所相互之間的聯(lián)系也比較有限。這可能是由于中國(guó)的科研界缺乏合作的傳統(tǒng)。例如：“中國(guó)水產(chǎn)漁業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)（CAFNET）曾經(jīng)承諾加強(qiáng)國(guó)內(nèi)合作，但是最終的實(shí)施缺舉步維艱。”同樣的，在越南，Dhont和他的同事用了5年的時(shí)間建立越南水產(chǎn)漁業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)（VIFNET），才最終得到越南政府認(rèn)可。